Scientists from the University of São Paulo (USP) have identified a new mechanism by which the adult brain can partially regenerate areas affected by injuries. The study, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, revealed that certain glial cells — traditionally seen only as support for neurons — can transform into new, functional neurons under specific conditions, such as after trauma or a mild stroke.
The process was initially observed in animal models, but researchers believe there is potential for future application in human therapies. The key lies in the modulation of a gene called Ascl1, which, when activated, induces plasticity in glial cells. With appropriate genetic manipulation, it was possible to stimulate the regeneration of damaged neural circuits, improving motor functions in rats that suffered brain injuries.
This discovery paves the way for innovative treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Although still in its early stages, the possibility of regenerating parts of the brain previously considered permanently damaged represents a significant advance in neuroscience. The next steps involve testing on human organoids and, eventually, clinical trials.